Yet Another Homicide?

This time on Monday, February 11, 1895. At a boarding house in Easton.
John Johnson, a 24-year-old Swedish man, was found dead in his bed Monday morning after a day of heavy drinking on Sunday. On the previous day a group of Swedes, of which John was a part, engaged in an altercation with a group of Irishmen in a saloon. (There is no mention of the location of the saloon but apparently it was within walking distance of John’s boarding house.) After leaving the saloon the unrest continued and John was hit on the head with a ‘board’ by an Irishman but was apparently unharmed, as he continued on walking, taking leave of his friends at his boarding house. Sometime during the night, he was discovered unconscious in the outhouse and brought back to bed. At 3 am he was snoring in bed but by 6 am he was dead. John’s body was examined by a Dr. Presbrky of Taunton, the Medical Examiner, who could find no signs of injury to John’s head. The cause of death was ruled as alcohol poisoning and John was buried.

Then it got complicated. Three of John’s friends came forward to argue that witnesses had seen an Irishman take a picket from a fence and hit John over the head with it. The Medical Examiner met with the Swedes along with the Chairman of the Selectmen of Easton and it was decided to complete an autopsy. It was arranged to wait for a Swedish doctor to be present and the body was exhumed. By February 18th when the autopsy was completed, several physicians were interested in the case including a Dr. Richard Hogner of Boston. While the outer surface of the head showed no injury, blood clots were found and the autopsy report stated cause of death was, “pressure of a blood-clot within the head, caused by a ruptured vessel and probably the result of a blow.” An inquest was called for.

The State Detective, Mr. George E. Seaver, arrested Martin J. Conroy and John F. Moynehan on the charge of manslaughter. They went to trial in Taunton on November 26, 1895. The thesis was that a blood clot or clots formed gradually after the injury causing pressure and nausea (hence the trip to the outhouse) and eventually coma and death. A felt hat worn by the victim may have protected John’s head against visual signs of injury. Conroy was found not-guilty as there was not sufficient evidence against him and Moynehan was declared guilty and sentenced to 9 months in the House of Corrections. The trial was fraught by issues such as the need for language interpretation, memories affected by extreme alcohol use, and class prejudice.

This case was of sufficient medical interest that Dr, Presbrky wrote a paper which was read before the Massachusetts Medico-Legal Society in 1896. “Homicide Without External Marks of Violence.” [Vol.CXXXIV, No. 14, Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, April 2, 1896]

Quite an interesting and complicated situation. Lots going on in the Easton of 1895. Swedish and Irish immigrants had arrived in large numbers, most to work in the Shovel Shops or for the Ames family in other capacities. I was also struck by the thoroughness of the autopsy and medical interest in the case. I’ve told the medical part of the story simply without the minute detail of the autopsy results which were difficult for me to understand.

​Anne Wooster Drury